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Bastian Ackermann, M.Sc.
2021-03-25

KB 000880 | Load Application Point of Positive Transverse Loads

Every now and then, the question arises how to determine the correct load application point of the positive transverse loads in RF-/STEEL EC3 and RF-/STEEL AISC.

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Structural Modeling in RFEM
When introducing and transferring horizontal loads such as wind or seismic loads, increasing difficulties arise in 3D models. To avoid such issues, some standards (for example, ASCE 7, NBC) require the simplification of the model using diaphragms that distribute the horizontal loads to structural components transferring loads, but cannot transfer bending themselves (called "Diaphragm").
Illustration of a method for performing stability analysis according to DIN EN 1992-1-1 in RFEM 6
For reinforced concrete components and structures whose structural behavior is significantly influenced by the second-order effects, Eurocode 2 provides the general method based on a nonlinear determination of internal forces according to the second-order analysis (5.8.6), as well as an approximation method based on the nominal curvature (5.8.8).

The aim of this technical article is to perform a design according to the general design method of Eurocode 2, using the example of a slender reinforced concrete column.
Modell eines Stahlbetonbalkens, der durch Kriechen und Schwinden beeinflusst wird
This technical article addresses the direct deformation analysis of reinforced concrete beams considering the long-term effects of creep and shrinkage. The direct calculation according to Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1, Section 7.4.3) is explained using a single-span beam. Particular emphasis is placed on tension stiffening, behavior in the cracked state based on the distribution factor (damage parameter), and consideration of shrinkage and creep behavior.
Illustration of equivalent lateral force method for seismic analysis in structural engineering
This article provides a comprehensive overview of essential seismic analysis methods, explaining their principles and applications, as well as the scenarios in which they are most effective
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Product Features
Material model Anisotropic | Damage, nonlinear behavior, concrete and reinforced concrete

The "Nonlinear Material Behavior" add-on includes the Anistropic | Damage material model for concrete structural components. This material model allows you to consider concrete damage for members, surfaces, and solids.

You can define an individual stress-strain diagram via a table, use the parametric input to generate the stress-strain diagram, or use the predefined parameters from the standards. Furthermore, it is possible to consider the tension stiffening effect.

For the reinforcement, both nonlinear material models "Isotropic | Plastic (Members)" and "Isotropic | Nonlinear Elastic (Members)" are available.

It is possible to consider the long-term effects due to creep and shrinkage using the "Static Analysis | Creep & Shrinkage (Linear)" analysis type that has been recently released. Creep is taken into account by stretching the stress-strain diagram of the concrete using the factor (1+phi), and shrinkage is taken into account as the pre-strain of the concrete. More detailed time step analyses are possible using the "Time-Dependent Analysis (TDA)" add-on.

Feature 002918 | Determination of Required Longitudinal Reinforcement for Direct Crack Analysis

In the Concrete Design add-on, you can determine the required longitudinal reinforcement for the direct crack width analysis (w k).

Feature 002920 | Automatic Function of Longitudinal Reinforcement for Members

For the design of reinforced concrete members, there is the option to automatically determine the number or diameter of rebars.

Feature 002876 | Reinforcement Results in Tables by Design Situation

For concrete design, you can display the reinforcement results in tables separately by design situation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why is the effective depth different with the effective depth used in shear checks?

How can I check the determination of the required reinforcement?
I have created a model in which the ceiling slab is lined with ribs. When I assign a Rib member type to the boundary line of the surface and align it to the bottom edge of the surface, the boundary line is automatically pulled towards the center of gravity of the rib, that is, downwards under the slab. Is there a way to change this so that my lines still appear at the edge of the surface?
Is it possible to view the tangential and radial analysis results and reinforcement requirements rather than orthogonal for a circular slab?
How can I perform member design by case for different settings in the design configuration?
Why do I only obtain the total reinforcement in the Results navigator under "Required Reinforcement", and no result for the top and bottom reinforcements separately?
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