While wind load coefficients are usually provided for standalone objects in standards, for accurate wind load assessments and other questions (e.g., local wind loads or wind comfort), consideration of the surroundings is essential. According to COST guidelines, the environment should be realistically modeled within a radius of at least six times the object height. More distant influences should be qualitatively evaluated. Modeling of the surroundings and topography must comply with the requirements of the guidelines for wind tunnel tests in building aerodynamics.
D1.2 Consideration of Surroundings: Solitary or Context
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