Concrete Compressive Stresses for Reinforcement Directions φ1 According to Section 2.6.4.6
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General
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In Germany, DIN EN 1991‑1‑3 with National Annex DIN EN 1991‑1‑3/NA regulates snow loads. The standard applies to civil engineering works at altitudes of up to 1,500 m above sea level.
For reinforced concrete components and structures whose structural behavior is significantly influenced by the second-order effects, Eurocode 2 provides the general method based on a nonlinear determination of internal forces according to the second-order analysis (5.8.6), as well as an approximation method based on the nominal curvature (5.8.8).
The aim of this technical article is to perform a design according to the general design method of Eurocode 2, using the example of a slender reinforced concrete column.
The aim of this technical article is to perform a design according to the general design method of Eurocode 2, using the example of a slender reinforced concrete column.
This technical article addresses the direct deformation analysis of reinforced concrete beams considering the long-term effects of creep and shrinkage. The direct calculation according to Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1, Section 7.4.3) is explained using a single-span beam. Particular emphasis is placed on tension stiffening, behavior in the cracked state based on the distribution factor (damage parameter), and consideration of shrinkage and creep behavior.
This article explores the importance of considering joint-structure interaction in modeling and design and how to do it in RFEM 6.
In RFEM 6, there is a hierarchical control between load transfer surfaces and floors in the building model. This means that you can also create walls from load transfer surfaces to take into account curtain walls, for example.
The "Nonlinear Material Behavior" add-on includes the Anistropic | Damage material model for concrete structural components. This material model allows you to consider concrete damage for members, surfaces, and solids.
You can define an individual stress-strain diagram via a table, use the parametric input to generate the stress-strain diagram, or use the predefined parameters from the standards. Furthermore, it is possible to consider the tension stiffening effect.
For the reinforcement, both nonlinear material models "Isotropic | Plastic (Members)" and "Isotropic | Nonlinear Elastic (Members)" are available.
It is possible to consider the long-term effects due to creep and shrinkage using the "Static Analysis | Creep & Shrinkage (Linear)" analysis type that has been recently released. Creep is taken into account by stretching the stress-strain diagram of the concrete using the factor (1+phi), and shrinkage is taken into account as the pre-strain of the concrete. More detailed time step analyses are possible using the "Time-Dependent Analysis (TDA)" add-on.
In the Concrete Design add-on, you can determine the required longitudinal reinforcement for the direct crack width analysis (w k).
For the design of reinforced concrete members, there is the option to automatically determine the number or diameter of rebars.
Why is the effective depth different with the effective depth used in shear checks?
In the Steel Joints add-on, I get high utilization ratios for preloaded bolts in the tension design. Where do these high utilization ratios come from and how can I evaluate the load-bearing reserves of the bolt?
How can I check the determination of the required reinforcement?
How can treating a connection as fully rigid result in an uneconomical design?
Is it possible to consider shear panels and rotational restraints in the global calculation?
How can I determine the sufficient total simulation time for an accurate transient wind analysis in RWIND?
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