Warping Spring for Warping Restraint via Welded Channel or Angle Section

C_{ω} = G \cdot h_{m} \cdot \frac{4 \cdot A_{m}^{2}}{\sum \frac{l_{i}}{t_{i}}}

C_ω	Warping spring
G	Shear modulus
h_m	Distance between center planes of the beam flanges
A_m	Area enclosed by center line
l_i	Side length
t_i	Plate thickness

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