The standards already specify the approximation methods (for example, deformation calculation according to EN 1992‑1‑1, 7.4.3, or ACI 318‑19, 24.3.2.5) that you need for your deformation calculation. In this case, the so-called effective stiffnesses are calculated in the finite elements in accordance with the existing limit state with / without cracks. You can then use these effective stiffnesses to determine the deformations by means of another FEM calculation.
Consider a reinforced concrete cross-section for the calculation of the effective stiffnesses of the finite elements. Based on the internal forces determined for the serviceability limit state in RFEM, you can classify the reinforced concrete cross-section as "cracked" or "uncracked". Do you consider the effect of the concrete between the cracks? In this case, this is done by means of a distribution coefficient (for example, according to EN 1992‑1‑1, Eq. 7.19, or ACI 318‑19, 24.3.2.5). You can assume the material behavior for the concrete to be linear-elastic in the compression and tension zone until reaching the concrete tensile strength. This procedure is sufficiently precise for the serviceability limit state.
When determining the effective stiffnesses, you can take into accout the creep and shrinkage at the "cross-section level." You don't need to consider the influence of shrinkage and creep in statically indeterminate systems in this approximation method (for example, tensile forces from shrinkage strain in systems restrained on all sides are not determined and have to be considered separately). In summary, the deformation calculation is carried out in two steps:
- Calculation of effective stiffnesses of the reinforced concrete cross-section assuming linear-elastic conditions
- Calculation of the deformation using the effective stiffnesses with FEM
