Holes in Steel Members
How can I consider holes in steel members?
Answer:
For the calculation of members, it is possible to define the cross-sections in RFEM and RSTAB that create a member with the openings arranged regularly (circular or honeycombed).If you want to place a single hole in a steel beam, you can use the "Generate Surfaces from Member" tool and put the hole as a circular opening into the web surface.
Do you have any questions?
![Model](/en/webimage/011774/2600584/01-de.png?mw=512&hash=9f2525444a7414dfb1c05a73e375e9c4fe4f47b1)
Designing rigid end plate connections is difficult for four-row connection geometries and multi-axis bending stresses, because there are no official design methods.
![System with Local Axis System of Gusset Plate](/en/webimage/011743/3065040/01_-_en_us.jpg?mw=512&hash=2a77856259cebbe0dd4f7bd67111e0e92e909dd2)
The European standard EN 1993-1-8, Section 4.5.3.3. provides the user with a simplified method for the ultimate limit state design of fillet welds. According to the standard, the design is fulfilled if the design value of the resultant acting on the fillet weld area is smaller than the design value of the weld's load-bearing capacity. Thus, if you want to dimension the weld for a surface model, you will be faced with a variety of results due to the nature of FEM calculations. Therefore, we show in the following text how to determine the force components from the model.
![Deformations as First Result of FEM Calculation](/en/webimage/008929/581233/KB_1571-01-en.png?mw=512&hash=ac2c4fcf777d6d1e5dd5800b86624ba6fd1a1005)
The deformations of the FE nodes are always the first result of an FE calculation. It is possible to calculate strains, internal forces, and stresses based on these deformations and the stiffness of the elements.
![Problem Background](/en/webimage/008957/575821/01-de.png?mw=512&hash=9f2525444a7414dfb1c05a73e375e9c4fe4f47b1)
The definition of the non-linear contact problem plays an important role for more detailed investigations of shear/hole bearing connections or their immediate environment. This article uses a solid model to search for comparable and simplified surface models.
![Add-on "Steel Joints for RFEM 6" | Component Library](/en/webimage/043097/3898884/steel_joints_components.png?mw=512&hash=e4f835906155863fc7019d5043b22e553dc766f9)
- Numerous component types, such as base and end plates, web angles, fin plates, gusset plates, stiffeners, tapers, or ribs for easy input of typical connection situations
- Universally applicable basic components (such as plates, welds, bolts, auxiliary planes) for modeling complex connection situations
- Graphical display of the connection geometry with dynamic updating during the input
- Wide range of cross-section shapes: I-sections, U-sections, angles, T-sections, hollow sections, built-up cross-sections and thin-walled sections
- Library in the Dlubal Center with a large number of program-side template connections, including user-defined templates
- Automatic adaptation of the connection geometry based on the relative arrangement of the components to each other – even in case of subsequent editing of the structural components
![Feature 002820 | Limit Plastic Strain for Welds](/en/webimage/050344/3881226/1.png?mw=512&hash=9d7f6c198b6d4ae6ee8f2fa8bca75f85579e14c9)
In the ultimate configuration of the steel joint design, you have the option to modify the limit plastic strain for welds.
![Component "Base Plate"](/en/webimage/050345/3936120/50345.png?mw=512&hash=3bd641cb1a2445804b338855e4debfc40c6563e9)
The "Base Plate" component allows you to design base plate connections with cast-in anchors. In this case, plates, welds, anchorages, and steel-concrete interaction are analyzed.
![Feature 002807 | 3D Display of FSM Results](/en/webimage/049281/3861162/2024-05-01_10-32-55.png?mw=512&hash=2377d291bc20ac3d78d617b50c131614e99ac6f7)
In the "Edit Section" dialog box, you can display the buckling shapes of the Finite Strip Method (FSM) as a 3D graphic.
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