Après avoir introduit les principes de base pour décrire le vent naturel et la simulation numérique dans la section précédente, la première tâche essentielle de l'ingénierie est maintenant soulignée : defining the problem and objectives.
The main objectives in wind tunnel experiments (wind engineering) or numerical calculations (computational wind engineering) can be summarized as follows; see Figure 2:
- Calculation of wind velocity distributions to determine wind comfort and as a basis for the calculation of material transport (smoke, pollutants, etc.).
- Calculation of flow fields resulting from thermal effects (possibly in combination with radiation models to determine surface temperatures).
- Calculation of static and dynamic wind loads on structures (pressure and suction effects as well as friction forces).
- Calculation of the coupling of dynamic structural behavior with the flow (fluid-structure interaction (FSI), wind-wave interaction).
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The application fields require a strong variation in analysis focus. The focus of the WTG guideline and this manual is primarily on load determination for structural planning aspects to ensure stability.