| χ | Reduction factor from the ratio of the axial force at which the column fails due to the flexural buckling and the plastic resistance |
| α | The imperfection factor results from the ratio of the limit slenderness to the imperfection amplitude. |
| λ- | Limit slenderness |
Equation for Reduction Factor Based on Linear M/N Interaction
Equation for Reduction Factor Based on Linear M/N Interaction
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