A simply supported beam is loaded by pure bending. Determine the critical load and corresponding load factor due to lateral buckling.
Lateral Buckling of Beam in Pure Bending
![Warping Restraint via End Plate](/en/webimage/010484/2978100/1_warping_restraint_from_end_plate.png?mw=512&hash=b43e17cbb11faa3b51820d5bc88f6c5f2d58db81)
![Structural Model](/en/webimage/014639/2977174/Modell_für_Token_!!!_Nicht_zum_Download_anbieten!!!.png?mw=512&hash=31c7d34a75105e3a5d172f880205e0eb09a465be)
![Single-Span Beam with Lateral and Torsional Restraint and Without Intermediate Support](/en/webimage/011728/2689287/KB_001647_01.jpg?mw=512&hash=23357a6237b959334005747cf961fa76f0941d6c)
![Lateral Buckling of Single-Span Beam](/en/webimage/008676/2225521/01-de.png?mw=512&hash=9f2525444a7414dfb1c05a73e375e9c4fe4f47b1)
![Feature 002843 | Dimensioning with Result Function](/en/webimage/051576/3982510/1.png?mw=512&hash=9d7f6c198b6d4ae6ee8f2fa8bca75f85579e14c9)
For design objects, you can optionally display sags or extreme results.
![Feature 002423 | Displaying Results in Solids](/en/webimage/031923/3325382/FE_Solid_EN.jpg?mw=512&hash=d2950a5e2123942fab13aad296e814c67695c955)
The results of solid stresses can be displayed as colored 3D points in the finite elements.
![Improved Calculation Performance by Optimized Consideration of Nodal Degrees of Freedom in RFEM](/en/webimage/015531/2983511/Berechnungsperformance_EN_(1).png?mw=512&hash=ea9bf0ab53a4fb0da5c4ed81d32d53360ab2820c)
The number of degrees of freedom in a node is no longer a global calculation parameter in RFEM (6 degrees of freedom for each mesh node in 3D models, 7 degrees of freedom for the warping torsion analysis). Thus, each node is generally considered with a different number of degrees of freedom, which leads to a variable number of equations in the calculation.
This modification speeds up the calculation, especially for models where a significant reduction of the system could be achieved (for example, trusses and membrane structures).
![Extended Display of Surface Strains](/en/webimage/012851/2635393/N_386_02.png?mw=512&hash=8ca45b89302044b96809c681e2688d15a0f63fe4)
Display extended strains of members, surfaces, and solids (for example, the important principal strains, equivalent total strains, and so on) in the Project Navigator - Results in RFEM as well as in Table 4.0.
For example, you can display governing plastic strains when performing the plastic design of connections with surface elements.